Pengaruh Pemilu.AI Sebagai Platform Data Politik Digital Berbasis Artificial Intelligence dan Big Data Terhadap Kesuksesan Kampanye Politik di Indonesia
Authors
- Faiz Akmal Rafif Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta
- Fitri Marsheila Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta
- Rana Rau’atur Rushufah Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta
Abstract
The use of AI has now experienced significant developments compared to previous times, especially in the current digital era. Pemilu.AI is present as a digital political platform that offers political data from various electoral districts in order for legislative candidates to develop smart, innovative and efficient political campaign strategies. The findings in this article explain that the data held by the Pemilu.AI platform can help legislative candidates understand crucial sectors in an electoral district, such as vote acquisition data in the 2019 legislative election (Pileg) which is useful for understanding political preferences and identifying political trends, online media data can be used to find trends and topics that are being discussed on social media and online news which can be integrated with legislative candidates' campaigns, etc. This article will examine in more depth what features in the form of data the Pemilu.AI platform has and how these data features supported by AI and Big Data can help legislative candidates achieve success in political campaigns and competitions in Indonesia.
Keywords:
Pemilu; AI Platform; Politik Digital; Big DataDownloads
References
Kajian literatur dan diskusi dalam artikel ini telah menjelaskan bahwa data yang diberikan oleh platform Pemilu.AI dapat membantu memberikan perasaan dan pemahaman tentang kondisi sosial-ekonomi masyarakat di daerah pemilihan yang akan dipilih. Dengan penguasaan berbagai data-data yang dianggap penting dalam sebuah daerah pemilihan, maka seorang calon legislatif dapat menyusun strategi pemenangan terbaik dan menyusun kampanye berbasis data (data-driven campaign) yang cerdas, efisien, dan menarik. Platform Pemilu.AI menjadi sebuah symbol bahwa politik perlu beradaptasi terhadap teknologi dan kita sudah melangkah lebih jauh dari cara-cara berkampanye politik yang tradisional dan (terkadang) kurang rasional. Pemilu.AI menjadi sebuah bentuk layanan yang menunjukkan bahwa teknologi kini sudah mendukung kegiatan berpolitik, terutama dalam lingkup politik digital dan kunci kemenangan dari sebuah pemilihan umum mungkin saja dapat melalui penggunaan AI dan Big Data yang cerdas.
Ackerman, B., & Fishkin, J. (2004). Deliberation day. New Haven: Yale
University Press
Anderson, B. (1983). Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso Books
Baumgartner, S. E., & Wirth, W. (2012). Affective priming during the processing of news articles. Media Psychology, 15(1), 1-18. DOI: 10.1080/15213269.2011.648535
Belic, M. et al. (2019) ‘Artificial intelligence for assisting diagnostics and assessment of Parkinson’s disease—A review,’ Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, 184(March). DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2019.105442
Castleman, D. (2016). Essentials of Modelling and Microtargeting. In A. Therriault (Ed.), Data and Democracy: How Political Data Science is Shaping the 2016 Elections, (pp. 1-6). Sebastopol, CA: O-Reilly Media. Diambil dari https://www.oreilly.com/ideas/data- anddemocracy/page/2/essentials-of -modeling-and-microtargetin
Cerka, P., Grigiene, J. and Sirbikyte, G. (2017) ‘Is it possible to grant legal personality to artificial intelligence software systems?’, Computer Law and Security Review, 33(5), pp. 685–699. DOI: 10.1016/j.clsr.2017.03.022
Coeckelbergh, M. (2022). The political philosophy of AI. An introduction. Polity
Coleman, S., & Freelon, D. (Eds.). (2015). Handbook of digital politics. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Crawford, K. (2021). The Atlas of AI. Yale University Press
Dalton, R. J., Farrell, D. M., & McAllister, I. (2013). Political Parties and Democratic Linkage. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:osob l/9780199599356.001.0001
Dauvergne, P. (2021). The globalization of artificial intelligence:
Denton
consequences for the politics of environmentalism. Globalizations, 18(2), 285-299.
Jr, R. E., Trent, J. S., & Friedenberg, R. V. (2019). Political campaign communication: Principles and practices. Rowman & Littlefield.
Dimitrova, D. V., & Matthes, J. (2018). Social media in political campaigning around the world: Theoretical and methodological challenges. Journalism & mass communication quarterly, 95(2), 333-342.
Djeffal, C., Siewert, M. B., & Wurster, S. (2022). Role of the state and responsibility in governing artificial intelligence: A comparative analysis of AI strategies. Journal of European Public Policy, 29(11), 1799–1821. https:// doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2022.20 94987
Dobber, T., Trilling, D., Helberger, N., & de Vreese, C. H. (2017). Two Crates of Beer and 40 pizzas: The adoption of innovative political behavioral targeting techniques. Internet Policy Review, 6(4). https://doi.org/10.14763/2017.4.77 7
Dommett, K. (2019). Data-driven political campaigns in practice: understanding and regulating diverse data-driven campaigns. Internet Policy Review, 8(4). Efthymiou-Egleton, I. P., Egleton
T. W. E., & Sidiropoulos, S. (2020). Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Politics: Should Political AI be Controlled?. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 5(2).
Fallows, J. (1996). Breaking the news: How the media undermine American democracy. New York: Pantheon.
Floridi, L., Cowls, J., Beltrametti, M.,
Frank
Chatila, R., Chazerand, P., Dignum, V., Luetge, C., Madelin, R., Pagallo, U., Rossi, F., Schafer, B., Valcke, P., & Vayena, E. (2018). AI4People—An ethical framework for a good AI society: Opportunities, risks, principles, and recommendations. Minds & Machines, 28, 689–707. https://doi. org/10.1007/s11023-018-9482-5
U, (2019). HARNESSING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE. European Council on Foreign Relations.
Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, online first, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/135485651 7750366
Kreiss, D., & Howard, P. N. (2010). New challenges to political privacy: Lessons from the first US Presidential race in the Web 2.0 era. International Journal of Communication, 4(19), 1032-1050. Diambil dari https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/articl e/view/870
Kreiss, D. (2017). Micro-targeting, the quantified persuasion. Internet Policy Review, 6(4). https://doi.org/10.14763/2017.4.77 4
Larsson, S. (2020). On the governance of artificial intelligence through ethics guidelines. Asian Journal of Law and Society, 7(3), 437–451. https://doi.org/10.1017/als.2020.19
Lipsitz, K., Trost, C., Grossmann, M., & Sides, J. (2005). What voters want from political campaign communication. Political Communication, 22(3), 337-354.
Malmborg, F., & Trondal, J. (2023). Discursive framing and organizational venues: mechanisms of artificial intelligence policy adoption. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 89(1), 39-58.
Nickerson, D. W., & Rogers, T. (2014). Political campaigns and big data. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 28(2), 51-74.
OECD. (2019). Recommendation of the council on artificial intelligence. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development.
Olsher, D. J. (2015) ‘New Artificial Intelligence Tools for Deep Conflict Resolution and Humanitarian Response,’ Procedia Engineering. Elsevier B.V., 107,
Hersh, E. (2015). Hacking the Electorate: How Campaigns Perceive Voters. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Jasanoff, S. (2016). The ethics of invention: Technology and the human future. W.W. Norton & Company
Jha, K. et al. (2019) ‘A comprehensive review on automation in agriculture using artificial intelligence,’Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture. Elsevier B.V., 2, pp. 1–12. DOI: 10.1016/j.aiia.2019.05.004.
Jobin, A., Ienca, M., & Vayena, E. (2019). The global landscape of AI ethics guidelines. Nature Machine Intelligence, 1(2019), 389–399. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-019 -0088-2
Justo-Hanani, R. (2022). The politics of artificial intelligence regulation and governance reform in the European Union. Policy Sciences, 55(1), 137–159. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11077-022 -09452-8
Kerr Morrison, J., Naik, R., & Hankey, S. (2018). Data and Democracy in the Digital Age. London: The Constitution Society.
Knoll, J., Matthes, J., & Heiss, R. (2018). The social media political participation model: A goal systems theory perspective.
pp. 282–292. DOI:
1016/j.proeng.2015.06.083. Parveen, N., Safiullah, M., (2021). Twitter and radio indicators of election outcomes: A study of Indian elections. Int. J. Econ. Bus. Res.,
, 2–3, 278–289
Patterson, T. (1994). Out of order. New
York: Vintage.
Persily, N. (2017). Can Democracy
Survive the Internet?. Journal of Democracy, 28(2), 63-76. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2017.00 25
PricewaterhouseCoopers. (2017). Sizing the prize: What’s the real value of AI for your business and how can you capitalise?
Radu, R. (2021). Steering the governance of artificial intelligence: National strategies in perspective. Policy and Society, 40(2), 178–193. https://doi.org/10.1080/14494035.2 021.1929728
Renda, A., & Engler, A. (2023). What's in a name? Getting the definition of artificial intelligence right in the EU's AI act? CEPS explainer. CEPS. Retrieved June 24, 2023, from. https://www.ceps.eu/ceps-publicati ons/whats -in-a-name/
Sagar, K. (2019) ‘Special Review,’ Ibis, 1(2), pp. 589–592. DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1955.tb04990 .x
Safiullah, M., Primetime news coverage and electoral harvest—A study of 2014 Indian general election. Int. J. Business Forecasting Market. Intell., 5, 4, 424–432, 2019.
Safiullah, M., & Parveen, N. (2022). Big Data, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: A Paradigm Shift in Election Campaigns. The New Advanced Society: Artificial Intelligence and Industrial Internet of Things Paradigm, 247-261.
Safiullah, M., Pathak, P., Singh, S., (2021). The impacts of social media and
news media on political marketing: An empirical study of 2014 Indian General Election. Int. J. Bus. Excell. (In-Press).
Schiff, D., Borenstein, J., Biddle, J., & Laas, K. (2021). AI ethics in the public, private, and NGO sectors: A review of a global document collection. IEEE Transactions on Technology and Society, 2(1), 31–42. https://doi. org/10.1109/TTS.2021.3052127
Schippers, B. (2020). Artificial intelligence and democratic politics. Political Insight, 11(1), 32-35.
Sousa, W. G. de et al. (2019) ‘How and where is artificial intelligence in the public sector going? A literature review and research agenda’, Government Information Quarterly. Elsevier, (July), p. 101392. DOI: 10.1016/j.giq.2019.07.004
Stilgoe, J., & Mladenović, M. (2022). The politics of autonomous vehicles. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 9, 433. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-022 -01463-3
Tactical Tech. (2019). Personal Data: Political Persuasion Inside the Influence Industry. How it works. Berlin: Tactical Technology Collective.
Taeihagh, A. (2021). Governance of artificial intelligence. Policy and Society, 40(2), 137–157. https://doi. org/10.1080/14494035.2021.19283 77
Theocharis, Y., & Quintelier, E. (2016). Stimulating citizenship or expanding entertainment? The effect of Facebook on adolescent participation. New Media & Society, 18(5), 817–836. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/146144481 4549006
T’Veld, S. (2017). On Democracy. Internet
Policy Review, 6(4). https://doi.org/10.14763/2017.4.77 9
Ulbricht, L., & Yeung, K. (2022). Algorithmic regulation: A maturing concept for investigating regulation of and through algorithms. Regulation & Governance, 16(1), 3–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12437
Ulnicane, I., & Erkkilä, T. (2023). Politics and policy of Artificial Intelligence. Review of Policy Research, 40(5), 612-625.
Ulnicane, I., Knight, W., Leach, T., Stahl, B.C., & Wanjiku,W-G.(2021). Framing governance for a contested emerging technology: Insights from AI policy. Policy and Society, 40(2), 158–177. https://doi.org/10.1080/14494 035.2020.1855800
Winner, L. (1980). Do artifacts have politics? Daedalus, 109(1), 121–136.
Whittaker, M. (2021). The steep cost of capture. Interactions, 28(6), 50–55. https://doi.org/10.1145/3488666
How to Cite
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Faiz Akmal Rafif, Fitri Marsheila, Rana Rau’atur Rushufah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
