Optimization of Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction Method for the Extraction of Quercetin from Malus domestica

Abstract

This study optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of quercetin from Malus domestica (red apples) using central composite design, targeting ethanol-in-water concentration (41.7–98.3%) and sonication time (8.8–51.2 min). Quercetin was quantified by UV-Vis at 372 nm, with response surface methodology yielding a significant quadratic model (p<0.05). Higher ethanol concentrations coupled with shorter sonication durations maximized quercetin extraction yields, as confirmed by ANOVA with the most influential factor was ethanol concentration (F = 38.14).